Rules to Transform Simple Sentences into Compound: A Comprehensive Guide

Rule 01: If Simple Sentence contains a Present Participle (Verb + ing) transform it to a Compound Sentence by following the steps given below.

1. Identifying the Subject: Find the subject of the simple sentence. Usually the subject is found on the right after the comma.
2. Replacing the Participle: Replace "present participle (verb+ing)" with the appropriate verb form based on the tense and person of the subject clause.
3. Adding and: Connect the modified first clause with the second clause using "and."
4. Omitting the Subject (if applicable): If the subject is the same in both clauses of the compound sentence, you can omit the subject after "and" in the second clause.

N.B. Remember that "BEING" is the present participle form of "be verbs (am/is/are/was/were)".

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: Waking up, I received the phone call.
  Compound Sentence: I woke up and received the phone call.
• Simple Sentence: Walking very fast, we could catch the train.
  Compound Sentence: We walked very fast and could catch the train.
• Simple Sentence: Working very hard, he made a brilliant result in the exam.
  Compound Sentence: He worked very hard and made a brilliant result in the exam.
• Simple Sentence: Being honest, he could not tell a lie.
  Compound Sentence: He was honest and could not tell a lie.
• Simple Sentence: Being careful, we could avoid a great accident.
  Compound Sentence: We were careful and could avoid a great accident.

Rule 02: If Simple Sentence contains a "Perfect Participle (Having + Past Participle of verb)" transform it to a Compound Sentence by following the steps given below.

1. Identifying the Subject: Find the subject of the simple sentence. Usually the subject is found on the right after the comma
2. Replacing the Participle: Replace "perfect participle" with the "past participle ( had + v3)"
3. Adding and: Connect the modified first clause with the second clause using "and"
4. Omitting the Subject (if applicable): If the subject is the same in both clauses of the compound sentence, you can omit the subject after "and" in the second clause.

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: Having done the work, we returned home.
  Compound Sentence: We had done the work and returned home.
• Simple Sentence: Having forgotten him, I went to work.
  Compound Sentence: I had forgotten him and went to work.

Rule 03: If the Simple Sentence contains "too ... to ..." transform it to Compound Sentence following the step by step instructions given below.

1. Replacing "too" with "very": Change "too" to "very"
2. Keeping the Adjective/Adverb: Retain the adjective or adverb that follows "too"
3. Removing "to": Take out the word "to"
4. Adding "and": Add the word "and"
5. Adding the Subject (if needed): If the subject is not already clear from the first clause, add it in the second clause.
6. Adding "cannot/could not": Add "cannot" or "could not" depending on the tense of the sentence (present tense = cannot, past tense = could not).
7. Keeping the Second Verb: Retain the verb that follows "to".

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: He is too weak to walk.
  Compound Sentence: He is very weak and he cannot walk.
• Simple Sentence: Humaysha is too shy to speak publicly.
  Compound Sentence: Humaysha is very shy and she cannot speak publicly.
• Simple Sentence: Rafat was too angry to control himself.
  Compound Sentence: Rafat was very angry and he could not control himself.

Rule 04: If the Simple Sentence starts with 'By + gerund (verb + ing)' transform it to Compound Sentence following the step by step instructions given below.

1. Removing "By": Take out the word "By" from the beginning of the sentence.
2. Removing "ing": Remove the "ing" from the gerund, leaving the base form of the verb.
3. Keeping the Phrase: Retain the rest of the phrase up to the comma.
4. Removing the Comma: Omit the comma.
5. Adding "and": Connect the modified first clause with the second clause using "and"

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: By working hard, you will be successful.
  Compound Sentence: Work hard and you will be successful.
• Simple Sentence: By eating good food, you will be healthy and strong.
  Compound Sentence: Eat good food and you will be healthy and strong.
• Simple Sentence: By practising cricket regularly, you will be a great cricketer.
  Compound Sentence: Practise cricket regularly and you will be a great cricketer.

Rule 05: If the Simple Sentence starts with 'Without + Gerund (verb + ing)' transform it to Compound Sentence following the step by step instructions given below.

1. Removing "Without": Take out the word "Without" from the beginning of the sentence.
2. Removing "ing": Remove the "ing" from the gerund, leaving the base form of the verb.
3. Keeping the Phrase: Retain the rest of the phrase up to the comma.
4. Removing the Comma: Omit the comma.
5. Adding "or" / "or else": Connect the modified first clause with the second clause using "or" / "or else"

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: Without working hard, you will fail.
  Compound Sentence: Work hard or you will fail.
• Simple Sentence: Without doing, you will die.
  Compound Sentence: Do or you will die.
• Simple Sentence: Without studying attentively, you will not be able to make a good result.
  Compound Sentence: Study attentively or you will not be able to make a good result.
• Simple Sentence: Without taking this medicine regularly, you will not be cured.
  Compound Sentence: Take this medicine regularly or else you will not be cured.

Rule 06: When there is "In spite of" in a Simple Sentence

1. Remove "in spite of"
2. Make the possessive adjective (like "my", "his") the new subject of the first clause
3. Change the verb form accordingly:
   
   • If there's "being", use "be" (am, is, are, was, were)
   • If there's "having", use "have"
   • If the main verb has "-ing", change it to the appropriate tense and form for the new subject, etc.
4. Write the rest of the first part of the sentence
5. Add "but" or "yet"
6. Write the second part of the sentence as it is

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: In spite of his being sick, he does not feel weak.
  Compound Sentence: He is sick yet he does not feel weak.
• Simple Sentence: In spite of his trying hard, he could not manage a job.
  Compound Sentence: He tried hard but could not manage a job.
• Simple Sentence: In spite of my going to his house, he did not meet me.
  Compound Sentence: I went to his house but he did not meet me.

Rule 07: When there is 'Because of' in a Simple Sentence transform it to Compound Sentence by following the steps below.

1. Remove "because of".
2. Use the subject from the first part of the sentence.
3. Change the verb form:
   • If there's "being", use "be" (is, am, are, was, were).
   • If there's "having", use "have".
   • If the main verb has "-ing", change it to the appropriate tense and form.
4. Write the rest of the first part of the sentence.
5. Remove the comma.
6. Add "and therefore" or "and so".
7. Write the second part of the sentence as it is.

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: Because of (his) being ill, he could not attend the conference.
  Compound Sentence: He was ill and therefore he could not attend the conference.
• Simple Sentence: Because of (his) studying hard, he cut a good figure in the examination.
  Compound Sentence: He studied hard and so he cut a good figure in the examination.
• Simple Sentence: Because of his being industrious, he could prosper in life.
  Compound Sentence: He was industrious and so he could prosper in life.
• Simple Sentence: Because of (his) being careful, he could avoid a great accident.
  Compound Sentence: He was careful and so he could avoid a great accident.

N.B.

In a Simple Sentence, if "because of" is followed by a possessive form of a Person, its Subject form should be written.

• Simple Sentence: Because of his (possessive pronoun) carelessness, the project failed.
  Compound Sentence: He was careless, and so the project failed.

However, if "because of" is not followed by a possessive form of a Person, the Subject should be written according to the Subject of the 2nd Clause.

• Simple Sentence: Because of heavy rain, the roads were flooded.
  Compound Sentence: The roads were flooded because it rained heavily.

In a Compound Sentence, if the Subjects of the two Clauses refer to the same person/thing, the Subject after "and" can be omitted.

• Simple Sentence: Because of (his) being ill, he could not attend the conference.
  Compound Sentence: He was ill and could not attend the conference.

Rule 08: If a Simple Sentence with "Besides + v-ing" has two of the same Verbs and two different Objects transform it to compound following the steps given below.

1. Find the subject of the simple sentence.
2. If "being" or "having" is present, replace it with the appropriate "be" or "have" verb based on the subject and tense.
3. Place "not only" before the element that "besides" is connected to (noun, adjective, verb, adverb).
4. Retain the first part of the sentence up to the comma, including the object.
5. Omit the comma.
6. Place "but also" before the second element that is being compared or added.
7. Add the remaining part of the sentence, omitting the subject and verb if they are the same as the first part.

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: Besides reading novel, he reads drama.
  Compound Sentence: He reads not only novel but also drama.
• Simple Sentence: Besides being poor, they are helpless.
  Compound Sentence: They are not only poor but also helpless.
• Simple Sentence: Besides having money, they have power.
  Compound Sentence: They have not only money but also power.
• Simple Sentence: Besides working as an organizer, he trains the apprentices.
  Compound Sentence: He not only works as an organizer but also trains the apprentices.

Exception to Rule 08: If a Simple Sentence with "Besides + v-ing" has two different Verbs and the same two Objects/Adverbials transform into compound sentence following the slightly different instructions given below.

1. Find the subject of the simple sentence.
2. Place "not only" after the subject.
3. Change the v-ing participle to the appropriate verb form according to tense and person.
4. Retain the object or adverbial.
5. Omit the comma.
6. Add "but also."
7. Add the second verb in its appropriate form.
8. If the object or adverbial is repeated, add it.

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: Besides singing well, Ratchel danced well.
  Compound Sentence: Ratchel not only sang well but also danced well.
• Simple Sentence: Besides rebuking the boy, she beat him mercilessly.
  Compound Sentence: She not only rebuked the boy but also beat him mercilessly.
• Simple Sentence: Besides having skill, Ronit has wisdom.
  Compound Sentence: Ronit has not only skill but also wisdom.

Rule 09: If the structure of the Simple Sentence is,

Besides + 1st Subject + Comma + 2nd Subject + Verb + Rest of the Sentence

transform it to compound sentence following the rules given below.

1. Take out the word "Besides."
2. Place "not only" before the first subject.
3. Omit the comma.
4. Place "but also" before the second subject.
5. Retain the verb and the rest of the sentence.
6. Crucially, the verb in the compound sentence must agree with the second subject (the one after "but also") in person and number.

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: Besides the young, the old attended the function.
  Compound Sentence: Not only the young but also the old attended the function.
• Simple Sentence: Besides Nahid, Tamal acted in the drama.
  Compound Sentence: Not only Nahid but also Tamal acted in the drama.
• Simple Sentence: Besides students, teachers took part in the cultural function.
  Compound Sentence: Not only students but also teachers took part in the cultural function.
• Simple Sentence: Besides rice, wheat grows in plenty in our field.
  Compound Sentence: Not only rice but also wheat grows in plenty in our field.

Rule 10: If the structure of the Simple Sentence is,

Both + 1st Subject + and + 2nd Subject + Verb + Rest of the Sentence

transform it to compound sentence following the rules given below.

1. Take out the word "Both."
2. Place "not only" before the first subject.
3. Take out the word "and."
4. Place "but also" before the second subject.
5. Retain the verb and the rest of the sentence.
6. Crucially, the verb in the compound sentence must agree with the second subject (the one after "but also") in person and number.

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: Both I and my sister are going to market.
  Compound Sentence: Not only I but also my sister is going to market.
• Simple Sentence: Both Ramirez and Giorgia participated in the function.
  Compound Sentence: Not only Ramirez but also Giorgia participated in the function.
• Simple Sentence: Both the Prime Minister and the President have given special speech on the occasion of the Independence Day.
  Compound Sentence: o Not only the Prime Minister but also the President has given special speech on the occasion of the Independence Day.

Rule 11: If a Simple Sentence is connected with "Just after/Immediately after", transform it to compound sentence following the rules given below.

1. Take out the phrase "Just after" or "Immediately after."
2. Write the first clause of the sentence.
3. Add the word "and."
4. Write the second clause of the sentence.
5. Add the phrase "at once" at the end of the sentence.

Examples:

• Simple Sentence: Just after seeing Smith, Giorgia began to cry.
  Compound Sentence: Giorgia saw Smith and began to cry at once.
• Simple Sentence: Just after finishing the work, I called him.
  Compound Sentence: I finished the work and called him at once.
• Simple Sentence: Just after hearing the news of his getting A in exam, he cried in joy.
  Compound Sentence: He heard the news of his getting A in exam and cried in joy at once.