VOICE

Voice হলো verb এর গঠন নির্দেশক; যার দ্বারা বুঝা যায় Subject নিজে কাজ করে নাকি অন্যের কাজ তার উপর এসে পড়ছে। Voice দুই প্রকার। যথাঃ

  1. Active voice
  2. Passive voice

Active voice: যে বাক্যে subject নিজে কাজ সম্পন্ন করে, তাকে Active voice বলে। যেমনঃ
I buy a pen.

Passive voice: যে বাক্যে subject নিজে কাজ সম্পন্ন করে না বরং object এর কাজটি তার উপর এসে পড়ে, তাকে Passive voice বলে। যেমনঃ
A pen is bought by me.

Active voice থেকে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়মঃ

  1. Active voice এর object টিকে passive voice এর subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে।
  2. Subject ও Tense অনুযায়ী উপযুক্ত সাহায্যকারী verb বসাতে হবে।
  3. মূল verb এর past participle ফর্ম বসাতে হবে।
  4. by বসাতে হবে।
  5. Active voice এর subject টিকে passive voice এর object হিসেবে বসাতে হবে।

Subject এবং Object পরিবর্তন

Active voice এর subject যদি pronoun হয়, তবে তা নিম্নোক্ত নিয়মে পরিবর্তিত হয়ে passive voice এর object হিসেবে বসে।

ActivePassive
Ime
Weus
Youyou ( অপরবর্তিত থাকে )
Hehim
Sheher
Theythem
Itit ( অপরবর্তিত থাকে )

Active voice এর object যদি pronoun হয়, তবে তা নিম্নোক্ত নিয়মে পরিবর্তিত হয়ে passive voice এর subject হিসেবে বসে।

ActivePassive
meI
usWe
youYou ( অপরবর্তিত থাকে )
himHe
herShe
themThey
itIt ( অপরবর্তিত থাকে )

Tense অনুযায়ী সাহায্যকারী verb ব্যবহারের নিয়মঃ

Present Indefinite am / is / are
Present Continuous am being / is being / are being
Present Perfect have been / has been
Past Indefinite was / were
Past Continuous was being / were being
Past Perfect had been
Future Indefinite shall be / will be
Future Continuous shall be being / will be being
Future Perfect shall have been / will have been

Present Indefinite Tense যুক্ত Voice

Active voice এর গঠনপ্রণালিঃ Subject + Verb + Object

Passive voice এর গঠনপ্রণালিঃ Acitve voice এর object + am/is/are + verb এর past participle + by + active voice এর subject

  1. I eat rice.
  2. They play football.
  3. She loves chocolate.
  4. We thump the table.
  5. Raihan draws a picture.
  6. Tonni writes a letter.
  1. Rice is eaten by me.
  2. Football is played by them.
  3. Chocolate is loved by her.
  4. The table is thumped by him.
  5. A picture is drawn by Raihan.
  6. A letter is written by Tonni.

Active voice এর verb এর যদি দুইটি object থাকে, তাহলে passive voice এ রূপান্তরের সময় একটি object কে subject হিসেবে বসানো হয় এবং অন্যটি object হিসেবেই বহাল থাকে।

  1. Mr. Bulbul teaches us English.
  2. The cow gives us milk.
  3. He gives them reward.
  1. We are taught English by Mr. Bulbul.
  2. We are given milk by the cow.
  3. They are given reward by him.

Past Indefinite Tense যুক্ত Voice

Active voice এর গঠনপ্রণালিঃ Subject + Verb এর past form + Object

Passive voice এর গঠনপ্রণালিঃ Acitve voice এর object + was/were + verb এর past participle + by + active voice এর subject

  1. The old man stopped the guest.
  2. He gave her the pen.
  3. We elected him chairman.
  4. The teacher did the sums.
  5. I saw him playing football.
  6. He watched the boy crying.
  7. The teacher saw the students playing in the field.
  8. Mother showed me a picture.
  9. The motor car ran over the dog.
  10. He pleased us.
  1. The guest was stopped by the old man.
  2. She was given the pen by him.
  3. He was elected chairman by us.
  4. The sums were done by the teacher.
  5. He was seen playing football by me.
  6. The boy was watched crying by him.
  7. The students were seen playing in the field by the teacher.
  8. I was shown a picture by mother.
  9. The dog was run over by the motor car.
  10. We were pleased by him.
Note: Passive voice এ শুধুমাত্র transitive verb ব্যবহৃত হয়। Intransitive verb এর কোনো object থাকে না, তাই intransitive verb এর passive voice হয় না। একারণেই নিম্নোক্ত active voice গুলোর passive voice করা সম্ভব না।
  1. We go to school.

Modal verb যুক্ত sentence এর Voice পরিবর্তন

Active voice এর গঠনপ্রণালিঃ Subject + modal verb + principal Verb + Object

Passive voice এর গঠনপ্রণালিঃ Acitve voice এর object + modal verb + be + principal verb এর past participle + by + active voice এর subject

  1. I may help you.
  2. You must do the work.
  3. We ought to obey our parents.
  4. They are going to open a bank account.
সমাধান
  1. You may be helped by me.
  2. The work must be done by you.
  3. Our parents ought to be obeyed by us.
  4. A bank account is going to be opened by them.