Fungi
1. Single-celled yeasts reproduce asexually.
2. This reproduction is known as binary fission.
3. All other fungi reproduce by the production of spores.
4. The method of nutrition used by fungi is called saprotrophism. (মৃতজীবিতা)
5. Fungi absorb nutrients by diffusion and active transport.
6. The body of a fungus is made up of threads called hyphae. (হাইফি)
7. The body of fungus is known as mycelium.
8. Pin mould is a kind of fungus.
9. It is not green because it does not contain chlorophyll, the pigment necessary for photosynthesis.
10. It will not grow on dry food because like other fungus it requires damp/moist environment to grow.
11. Pin mould produces very large numbers of spores to increase the probability of successful reproduction.
12. The spores produced by pin mould are very light because they are designed for air dispersal.
13. A fungus can secrete the enzyme amylase which digests starch.
Protoctists and Prokaryotes
1. What are plasmids?
Ans: Plasmids are small rings of DNA, carrying only a few genes.
2. Which bacteria is responsible for sour milk?
Ans: Lactobacillus
3. Write two differences between Protoctists and Prokaryotes.
Ans:
i) Protoctists have a true nucleus. Prokaryotes have no true nucleus.
ii) Protoctists have membrance-bound organelles such as chloroplast. Prokaryotes have no such organelles.
4. Name a protoctist that can do both, feed like animals and photosynthesise.
Ans: Euglena
Human Nutrition
1. Define nutrition.
Ans: Nutrition is the taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions, then absorbing and assimilating them.
2. What is alimentary canal?
Ans: Alimentary canal is a specialised tube running from the front of the animal to the rear.
3. Alimentary canal is sometimes called the gut.
4. List the processes that make up nutrition in their correct sequence.
i) Ingestion
ii) Digestion
iii) Absorption
iv) Assimilation
v) Egestion
5. First part of the small intestine is duodenum.
5. Longest part of the small intestine is illeum.
6. Human body has 3 pairs of salivary glands.
7. Muscular tube which helps food move to stomach is called oesophagus.
8. Bile is produced by liver.
9. Bile is stored in gall bladder.
10. Exit for faeces (ফিসিজ) is anus.
11. Defaecation (ডেফিকেশন) is controlled by two anal sphincters.
12. The inability to expel faeces is called constipation.
13. Rectum stores faeces before expelling.